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Orthodontics

Braces: Types, Treatment Time and How to Care for Them

Crooked teeth, gaps and a misaligned bite are not only a cosmetic concern. They can make teeth harder to clean and put uneven pressure on the jaw. This guide compares the main types of braces and aligners, explains how treatment works and how long it takes, and shows how to look after your teeth during and after treatment.

Dr. Abhishek Pal Written by Dr. Abhishek Pal
BDS (Oral Medicine & Radiology) · 10+ years experience
Updated 9 min read
Quick answer

Braces gradually move teeth into a better position using gentle, constant pressure. Options include metal braces, ceramic (tooth-coloured) braces and clear aligners. Most treatment takes 12–24 months, followed by retainers to hold the result. The best choice depends on your bite, age, budget and lifestyle, and it is decided after an examination and X-rays.

Do you need braces?

A dentist can tell you for certain, but these are the common reasons people are advised to have orthodontic treatment:

Common alignment problems that braces correct
ProblemWhat it looks likeWhy it matters
Crowding Teeth overlap or twist because there is not enough room Hard to clean, so higher risk of decay and gum problems
Spacing Gaps between teeth Food trapping, gum irritation, appearance concerns
Overjet or protruding front teeth Upper front teeth stick out Higher chance of injury, difficulty closing the lips
Deep bite (overbite) Upper teeth cover the lower teeth too much Excess wear, and lower teeth can bite into the gum
Underbite Lower front teeth sit in front of the upper teeth Chewing difficulty and uneven wear
Crossbite Some upper teeth bite inside the lower teeth Uneven wear, and it may push the jaw to one side
Open bite Front teeth do not meet when the back teeth close Difficulty biting food, and it can affect speech

Some jaw-size problems in growing children, or severe skeletal differences in adults, may need a specialist orthodontist or a combined approach. A good dentist will tell you honestly if referral is the better option.

Types of braces compared

Metal braces, ceramic braces and clear aligners
 Metal bracesCeramic bracesClear aligners
Appearance Visible silver brackets Tooth-coloured or clear brackets, less noticeable Almost invisible trays
Removable No, fixed No, fixed Yes, taken out to eat and clean
Best for Most cases, including complex ones Teens and adults who want a discreet fixed option Mild to moderate problems, motivated adults and teens
Cleaning Needs careful brushing around brackets Same as metal, and ceramic can stain if not kept clean Easier, since trays come out
Comfort Some wire and bracket irritation at first Similar to metal Smooth, with pressure soreness when changing trays
Discipline needed Low, since they work all the time Low High: worn 20–22 hours a day
Relative cost Usually the most economical Usually higher than metal Usually higher than metal

Fees vary with the case, the brand and how long treatment takes, so a reliable quote is only possible after your examination. Ask for a written plan that states the total treatment cost, the number of visits and what is included.

The right age to start

  • Around age 7: A first check-up is recommended to spot jaw growth or habit problems (such as thumb sucking) early. Most children do not need braces yet.
  • Ages 11–14: Most active braces treatment begins once the permanent teeth have come in, while the jaws are still growing.
  • Teenagers and adults: Treatment works at any age if the gums and bone supporting the teeth are healthy. Gum disease and decay should be treated first.

How treatment works

  1. Consultation and records The dentist examines your teeth, bite and gums, takes photographs and X-rays (usually an OPG, sometimes a side-view skull X-ray) and may take impressions or digital scans.
  2. Treatment plan You are shown the problem, the options, the expected time, the number of visits and the full cost, before anything is started.
  3. Preparation Cavities, gum problems and a professional cleaning are done first. In some cases, teeth are removed or space is created to make room.
  4. Placing braces or first aligners Brackets are bonded to the teeth and a thin wire is fitted, or the first set of aligners is issued. Fitting is not painful.
  5. Regular adjustments Visits every 4 to 8 weeks change wires or elastics. Aligner wearers switch to new trays as advised and are reviewed regularly.
  6. Finishing and retention Braces are removed, teeth are polished and retainers are fitted to hold the new position.

How long does treatment take?

Typical treatment time by case
CaseUsual time with bracesNotes
Mild (small gaps or slight crowding) About 6–12 months Aligners are often suitable
Moderate crowding or bite issues About 12–24 months The most common range
Complex (severe crowding, extractions, jaw mismatch) About 24–36 months May need extra appliances or specialist input

These are general ranges. Missing appointments, broken brackets, poor cleaning and not wearing elastics or aligners as advised are the most common reasons treatment runs longer.

Caring for your braces

Food and plaque collect easily around brackets. Poor cleaning can leave permanent white marks on the enamel and cause swollen gums, so home care matters as much as the appointments.

Do

  • Brush after every meal and before bed, using a soft brush and fluoride toothpaste.
  • Clean around each bracket, and along the gum line, angling the brush up and down.
  • Use an interdental brush, floss threaders or a water flosser once a day.
  • Rinse with water after eating when you cannot brush.
  • Eat soft, cut-up food for the first few days after fitting and after adjustments.
  • Wear your elastics or aligners exactly as you are told.
  • Keep a small kit with a brush, wax and a mirror in your bag.

Don't

  • Avoid hard and sticky foods such as chikki, toffee, chewing gum, ice and hard nuts.
  • Do not bite directly into whole apples, corn cobs or sugarcane. Cut them into pieces.
  • Do not chew pens, nails or straws.
  • Cut back on sweets and sugary drinks, because sugar plus plaque causes cavities.
  • Do not bend wires or remove brackets yourself.
  • Avoid tobacco, paan and gutkha. They stain teeth and harm gums.
  • Do not skip appointments, even if you feel fine.

Common problems and what to do

Braces problems and first steps
ProblemWhat you can do at homeCall the clinic if
Soreness after fitting or adjustment Soft food, warm salt-water rinses, an over-the-counter painkiller as per the label Pain lasts more than about a week
Wire or bracket rubbing the cheek Press orthodontic wax over the spot The wire is sharp or keeps cutting the cheek
Loose or broken bracket Keep any pieces, avoid hard food, use wax on sharp parts Always. Book a repair soon so treatment is not delayed
Poking wire at the back Cover with wax. Never cut the wire yourself It keeps poking or hurting
Swollen, bleeding gums Clean more thoroughly with an interdental brush and rinse with salt water Gums stay swollen or bleed after a week of better cleaning
Lost aligner or a cracked tray Wear your previous tray, if you still have it Always. Do not skip ahead to the next tray without asking
Seek urgent care if:

You have facial swelling, fever, severe pain, or an injury to your mouth or teeth (for example, a blow that cuts the lips or gums). If a piece of braces is swallowed and you have difficulty breathing or severe pain, go to a hospital emergency straight away.

After braces: retainers

Teeth tend to drift back toward their old positions after braces come off, because the ligaments and bone around them need time to stabilise. Retainers prevent this "relapse". They can be a removable plastic or wire retainer, or a thin fixed wire bonded behind the front teeth.

  • Wear them for as long and as often as advised, which is usually full-time at first and then at night.
  • Keep fixed retainers clean with floss threaders or an interdental brush.
  • Store removable retainers in their case, away from heat and pets.
  • Bring a broken or loose retainer for repair straight away.

Braces in Kanpur: Kidwai Nagar, Naubasta, Sastri Nagar and Yashoda Nagar

Dr. Abhishek Dental & Oral Cancer Centre offers traditional braces and clear aligners for children, teenagers and adults. Dr. Abhishek Pal has over 10 years of clinical experience with a BDS focused on oral medicine and radiology, which helps in reading X-rays and checking gum and bone health before treatment starts. Your plan, timeline and full cost are explained in advance, and you are told honestly if a case would be better handled by a specialist orthodontist.

The clinic is on Hamirpur Road near Metro Pillar 68 and welcomes patients from:

  • Naubasta
  • Kidwai Nagar
  • Sastri Nagar
  • Yashoda Nagar
  • Saket Nagar
  • Juhi Kalan
  • Barra
  • Other areas of Kanpur

Thinking about braces or aligners?

Book a consultation to find out which option suits your teeth, how long it will take and what it will cost. Call or message us to get the earliest appointment.

Frequently asked questions

Are braces painful?

Braces are not painful during fitting, but teeth feel sore and tender for about 2 to 5 days after the braces are placed and after some adjustments. Soft food, warm salt-water rinses and orthodontic wax for rubbing wires usually make this manageable.

How long do I need to wear braces?

Most treatments take 12 to 24 months, though mild cases can be shorter and complex cases longer. Regular visits, good oral hygiene and following the dentist's instructions on elastics and diet help you finish on time. After braces, retainers are needed to keep teeth in position.

Can adults get braces?

Yes. Braces and aligners work at any age as long as the teeth, gums and supporting bone are healthy. Gum disease and decay should be treated before orthodontic treatment begins.

Are clear aligners better than braces?

Neither is better for everyone. Aligners are nearly invisible and removable, but they need to be worn 20 to 22 hours a day and suit mild to moderate problems best. Fixed braces work continuously and can handle more complex tooth movements. Your dentist will recommend the option that suits your teeth and lifestyle.

Will I need to have teeth removed for braces?

Not always. Extractions are sometimes needed to create space when teeth are severely crowded or protruding, but many cases are treated without removing any teeth. The decision is made after examination, photographs, X-rays and a study of your bite.

Where can I get braces near Kidwai Nagar, Naubasta, Sastri Nagar or Yashoda Nagar in Kanpur?

Dr. Abhishek Dental & Oral Cancer Centre offers braces and clear aligners at Subhash Commercial Complex, Naubasta, Plot no 34, Hamirpur Road, near Metro Pillar 68, Juhi Kalan, Saket Nagar, Kanpur 208014. It is open Monday to Saturday 9 AM to 8 PM and Sunday 9 AM to 9 PM. Call +91-6391-423-669 to book a consultation.

This article is for general education and is not a substitute for a dental examination or personal medical advice. Treatment time and suitability vary from person to person.

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